Problems / RAG and retrieval, medium

GraphRAG traversals melt the CPU

Multi-hop questions traverse a knowledge graph: 10 ms of CPU each on 8 vCPUs, at 1,200 questions a second.

Free to open. Runs in your browser, no sign-up.

Your goals

Success ≥ 99%, p99 ≤ 5 s.

The traffic

1,200 requests a second for 30 seconds: 100% request (reads).

The system

What each component does in this design, and what calls it. The simulator mimics each one from these settings.

ComponentIts job hereSettings
Load balancerLoad balancerTraffic enters here.Calls AI app.Layer 4 balancers route by IP and port; layer 7 balancers read HTTP and can route by path or header.–
AI appApp serviceLoad balancer forwards to it.Calls GraphRAG index, GPU serving pool.Little's law: throughput ≈ concurrency ÷ latency. 200 slots at 50 ms serve about 4,000 req/s.3 replicas × 500 slots · timeout 30 s
GraphRAG indexGraphRAG indexAI app calls it.GraphRAG builds a knowledge graph from documents so multi-hop questions can follow relationships.64 slots
GPU serving poolSelf-hosted serving poolAI app calls it.GPU servers batch requests together; throughput rises with batch size until memory runs out.4000 slots

Hints

Try it first. Open one hint at a time if you get stuck.

Hint 1

CPU needed = 1,200 × 10 ms = 12 vCPUs.

Hint 2

Follow one question through each retrieval stage; the stage that turns red is the one to fix first.

One way to solve it

Give the GraphRAG index more capacity and vCPU.

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