Problems / Scaling, medium

Search falls over

Every page calls a search index with 32 query slots and 4 ms of CPU per query on 4 vCPUs, at 1,200 req/s.

Free to open. Runs in your browser, no sign-up.

Your goals

Success ≥ 99%, p99 ≤ 500 ms.

The traffic

1,200 requests a second for 30 seconds: 90% reads, 10% writes.

The system

What each component does in this design, and what calls it. The simulator mimics each one from these settings.

ComponentIts job hereSettings
Load balancerLoad balancerTraffic enters here.Calls API.Layer 4 balancers route by IP and port; layer 7 balancers read HTTP and can route by path or header.–
APIApp serviceLoad balancer forwards to it.Calls Redis cache (checked first), Postgres, Search index.Little's law: throughput ≈ concurrency ÷ latency. 200 slots at 50 ms serve about 4,000 req/s.3 replicas × 200 slots · timeout 1.0 s
Redis cacheCacheAPI checks it first for reads.An in-memory cache like Redis usually answers in well under a millisecond inside one region.95% hit rate
PostgresSQL databaseAPI reads it when Redis cache misses. API calls it for writes.Postgres runs one process per connection, which is why poolers like PgBouncer sit in front of busy databases.8 vCPU · 60 connections
Search indexSearch indexAPI calls it for reads.Search engines build an inverted index: each word points to the documents that contain it.32 slots

Hints

Try it first. Open one hint at a time if you get stuck.

Hint 1

The API and database are fine.

Hint 2

Search is CPU-heavy: rate × CPU per query.

One way to solve it

Give the search index more capacity (slots and vCPU), e.g. more nodes or shards.

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